文献摘要

鼻息肉病患尿液中升高的白三烯E4濃度可預測較差的客觀評估標記
Elevated Urine Leukotriene E4 Is Associated With Worse Objective Markers in Nasal Polyposis Patients

Volume 5, Issue 1

關鍵字 :
慢性鼻竇炎,阿斯匹靈加重性呼吸道疾病,氣喘,尿液白三烯E4,生物標記,內分型, Chronic rhinosinusitis, aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease, AERD, asthma, urine leukotriene E4, biomarker, endotype

作者 :
Garret Choby, MD; Erin K. O’Brien, MD; Alyssa Smith, MD; Jason Barnes, MD; John Hagan, MD; Janalee K. Stokken, MD; Andrew Strumpf, MPH; Jose L. Mattos, MD, MPH; Spencer C. Payne, MD; Rohit Divekar, MD, PhD

譯者 :
林口長庚醫院 吳佩雯醫師

摘要:


Objectives: Urine leukotriene E4 (uLTE4) is a biomarker of leukotriene synthesis and is elevated in patients with aspirinexacerbated respiratory disease (AERD). It can also be useful to help delineate aspirin-tolerant chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis (CRSwNP) patients from AERD patients. The purpose of this study is to determine if uLTE4 biomarker levels are associated with objective and subjective markers of disease severity in patients with CRSwNP.


Methods: A retrospective analysis of CRSwNP patients who underwent uLTE4 testing was completed to determine the association of uLTE4 levels to markers of disease severity. uLTE4 levels, as well as presenting subjective (Sinonasal Outcome Test 22 [SNOT22] scores, asthma control test [ACT] scores) and objective data (Lund-Mackay CT score, spirometry and lab values) were collected.


Results: Among the 157 CRSwNP patients who met inclusion criteria, uLTE4 levels were associated with history of asthma (P < .001), aspirin sensitivity (P < .001), worse Lund-Mackay CT scores (P = .002) and other objective markers of disease severity including serum IgE (P = .05), presenting blood eosinophil level (P < .001), and the highest recorded eosinophil level (P < .001). In subgroup analysis, associations of uLTE4 to disease markers had stronger correlations in the aspirin sensitive CRSwNP group (R range 0.31–0.52) than the aspirin tolerant CRSwNP group (R range −0.30–0.24). uLTE4 levels were not associated with subjective symptom scores (SNOT22 and ACT scores).


Conclusion: Elevated uLTE4 biomarker levels are associated with worsened objective markers of disease severity in CRSwNP patients but not patient-reported symptom measures.

專家評論:


鼻息肉病患尿液中升高的白三烯E4濃度可預測較差的客觀評估標記


林口長庚醫院 吳佩雯醫師


同時罹患氣喘與阿斯匹靈過敏體質是慢性鼻竇炎手術後復發的重要危險因子。臨床上大約有10%的慢性鼻竇炎併鼻息肉患者同時有阿斯匹靈過敏體質,有30-40%同時罹患慢性鼻竇炎併鼻息肉與氣喘的患者有阿斯匹靈過敏體質,若三者均具,則為阿斯匹靈加重性呼吸道疾病(Aspirin exacerbated respiratory disease, AERD);此群病患在臨床上是最棘手的族群,不管是上呼吸道的鼻竇炎或下呼吸道的氣喘都是發炎最嚴重也最難控制!因此,在治療慢性鼻竇炎併鼻息肉病患時,辨別其有無AERD體質實乃關鍵。


AERD的病人平常就有不間斷的呼吸道發炎反應,隨著病患服用Aspirin或NSAID進而抑制COX-1,又使得白三烯素(Leukotriene)的生成增加,加重呼吸道發炎症狀。正常情況下,花生四烯酸(Arachidonic acid)的代謝分成兩途徑,一則由5-脂氧化酶(5-lipoxygenase, 5- LO)作用產生白三烯素(Leukotriene, LTs),另一部分則經由COX-1或COX-2作用生成前列腺素(Prostaglandins)及血栓素(Thromboxanes A2 );其中,前列腺素E2的產生會抑制5-LO的作用而使得白三烯素減少生成。因此,當Aspirin或NSAID抑制COX-1,使得前列腺素E2生成減少,進而減少對5-LO的抑制作用,使得白三烯素的生成增加,加重呼吸道發炎反應。


AERD診斷的標準為阿斯匹靈激發測試(Aspirin challenge test),在病患口服Aspirin後,觀察二到三小時是否產生呼吸道症狀或肺功能改變方能斷定。即便後來有較快速、安全的鼻吸式或支氣管吸入式的Lysine-aspirin來取代口服阿斯匹靈進行激發測試,在臨床使用上仍有很大的侷限性與風險。因此,近幾年來,陸續有研究指出以尿液中的白三烯E4(urine leukotriene E4, uLTE4)濃度,視同白三烯素的穩定終端代謝物,藉以診斷AERD,據信其特異度可達89%。這篇研究即以此觀點為出發點,進一步分析uLTE4與上下呼吸道發炎之臨床主、客觀評估測量指數的相關性。分析結果顯示uLTE4濃度與慢性鼻竇炎併鼻息肉病患的客觀測量因子,包括血液嗜伊紅性白血球(Eosinophil)數目、血清IgE及電腦斷層分數(Lund-Mackay CT score)呈正相關,但其與病患主觀的症狀及生活品質(SNOT-22及ACT scores)則沒有相關性。藉此,作者推論uLTE4或可當成評估鼻竇炎併鼻息肉疾病嚴重度的生物標記(bio-marker)。


然而,本研究為回溯性分析,納入分析的病患為有檢驗uLTE4的鼻竇炎併鼻息肉患者,如此,便可能形成選樣偏差(selection bias);我們可以推估納入研究的這些患者應該都是臨床上懷疑是AERD的患者,這也可以從86.6%的病患同時患有氣喘得以佐證。在解讀這篇文章時,讀者務必謹慎保守,我們無法由此研究推論大多數的鼻竇炎併鼻息肉患者亦有同樣表現。另外,因為納入研究的病患並沒有施行阿斯匹靈激發測試,無法確診AERD,只能由病患陳述的病史來斷定有無阿斯匹靈過敏病史,故,作者在依據此病史分類做次分析時(Table IV),得到無法解釋的結果;此乃因病患陳述的阿斯匹靈過敏史病不盡然和AERD有確切關聯。


總結以上,本人仍認為uLTE4是有潛力成為AERD病患評估呼吸道疾病嚴重度的生物標記,甚至可用以預測治療預後,例如:手術復發率、阿斯匹靈減敏治療反應等。


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